A reaction or behavior that changes depending on environmental conditions and/or circumstances.
Restricted tongue movement due to a short lingual frenulum, commonly called “tongue-tied."
A speech disorder marked by difficulties in positioning speech musculature to perform speech, also called dyspraxia.
Grammatical term to specify nouns like a, an, and the.
How phonemes are produced when speaking.
Inaccurate speech is produced caused by errors in placement, speed, or coordination of the tongue and lips.
The speech mechanism organs responsible for generating sound (lips, jaw, tongue, pharynx.)
Hearing.
Relating to hearing, experience through hearing, perceiving sounds, and interacting with an environment.
Differentiation between foreground and background sounds and being able to focus on a particular sound or voice.
The ability to process and respond to sounds.
The capacity to utilize what one hears.
(APD) A reduced ability to focus on or differentiate auditory information despite having a normal level of hearing.
(AAC) Various methods to use or substitute communication of individuals who cannot communicate independently.
Verbalizations of infants, usually in the first year of life.
Utilizing videofluoroscopy to assess the pharyngeal swallow.
The area of the body in contact with the supporting surface (e.g., the feet when standing.)
Referring to both lips.
Referencing both sides of the body.
The ability to simultaneously use and coordinate movements on both sides of the body.
A neurological process that reflects the ability of both hemispheres of the brain to coordinate and work together.
Using two languages with equal efficiency.
(Binocular Vision; Eye Teaming) The ability to form a single 3D image of the surroundings with both eyes.
Forcefully closing the bottom teeth against the upper teeth.
In stuttering, the temporary halt at the larynx, tongue, or lips when attempting to speak.
To sense and understand physical sensations in the body and how they move; also known as kinesthetic awareness.
The food that rounds after chewing.
Consistent application of newly acquired speech or language techniques.
performing a behavior to achieve a specific outcome.
Involving the neck.
A condition where the muscles that surround a joint simultaneously contract.
The middle/trunk of the body (usually refers to the abdominals and back.)
to aid or prompt a desired response.
swallowing.
repetition of original speech at a later time or lack of comprehension or production of a language by an expected age.
the natural curved structure of teeth in their normal position.
collectively referring to natural teeth
The ability to see 3D objects and assess the distance between you and an object.
frequently produced processes that are characteristic of normal speech development.
the extent a measurement varies from a reference point.
the capacity to perform rapid repetitive movements of the articulators.
the pace at which someone can perform repetitive movements.
The ability to move oneself right and left, forward and back, and up and down.
A part of a sensory system that evolves and allows one to distinguish differences among stimuli.
Separation; when one limb performs a movement without the other limb doing so.
the collection of impaired motor speech disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system. Bodily functions such as breathing and articulation may be affected.
any form of speech marked with repetitions and hesitations; known as stuttering.
Difficulty performing coordinated movements.
the tendency to repeat what is spoken normally occurs between 18 and 24 months and is unmodified.
to evoke a response or draw out information.
inserted an extreme phoneme into a word or words.
A state of balance.
ability to communicate aloud.
To enlarge/prolong/straighten something (e.g., neck, back, arms, legs.)
Limb movement turning outward from the body.
looking someone in the eyes while talking.
The synchronous abilities of the eyes and hands necessary for performing activities such as hitting a ball, writing, and playing with toys.
An acute stress response/reaction to defend oneself from a potential threat.
Differentiating objects from their backgrounds to simplify a scene.
Movement of the fingers, toes, eyes, and tongue muscles.
Using hands and fingers in a controlled manner that is essential for handling tools and materials. Also referred to as dexterity.
Directing eyes at an object and switching one's gaze between objects.
Bending/shortening of a body part.
the smoothness of phrases joined together during oral language with no or minimal hesitations or repetitions.
Shifting one's gaze seamlessly between objects.
identifying a shape's size, position, or texture.
a small band of tissue that connects two body parts together.
the small band of tissue from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the inferior surface of the tongue blade that plays an important part in speech.
the feeling of intense fear or anxiety to a non-threatening movement when head position shifts (e.g. tilting a chair backward unexpectedly).
Motion involving large muscle groups.
body movements made with large muscle groups to perform activities such as jumping and running
the neurological ability to diminish responses to continuous stimuli.
The group of muscles at the back of the thigh that helps bend/flex and straighten/extend.
favoring one hand over another to perform a movement or skill.
excessive movement when straightening.
an amplified immune response to sensory overload; can result in being fearful and overcautious (also referenced as hyper-reactivity or hyper-responsiveness).
a feeling of being disoriented and unwilling to move in any direction.
excessive tension of a muscle.
lack of receptiveness to sensory input, usually seen as desiring intense sensations or struggling to engage (hyporeactivity or hyporesponsiveness).
decrease or absence of tension in a muscle.
a behavior distinct to an individual.
instant repetition.
self-motivation to engage in activities that support sensory integration.
lack of tension or stability when bearing weight.
the extent to which speech can be understood with clarity by the average listener.
the stress applied to normal speech to emphasize something.
the inward movement of a limb turning toward the body.
to incorporate different elements as a part of a whole.
verbal communication that mimics the intonation patterns or speech.
adjusting the degree of the jaw opening.
actively controlling jaw movements, initially seen around 13 to 15 months when biting and holding a cup.
conscious perception of the position, movement, and orientation of body parts in a space.
naming or identifying.
referencing the lips.
lip rounding; pursing or protrusion of the lips.
referencing lips and teeth.
a structured system of communication composed of sounds.
any challenge with producing or receiving linguistic cues.
systematic organization of spoken expressions.
development of the dominant hemisphere in the brain, which controls skilled motor functions on the opposite side of the body, while the other hemisphere is primarily responsible for stabilization.
Occupational therapy is a form of therapy that helps improve motor skills and coordination for a person to successfully complete everyday tasks.
A reaction or behavior that changes depending on environmental conditions and/or circumstances.
Relating to hearing, experience through hearing, perceiving sounds, and interacting with an environment.
Differentiation between foreground and background sounds and being able to focus on a particular sound or voice.
The ability to process and respond to sounds.
The ability to simultaneously use and coordinate movements on both sides of the body.
A neurological process that reflects the ability of both hemispheres of the brain to coordinate and work together.
(Binocular Vision; Eye Teaming) The ability to form a single 3D image of the surroundings with both eyes.
To sense and understand physical sensations in the body and how they move; also known as kinesthetic awareness.
A condition where the muscles that surround a joint simultaneously contract.
The ability to see 3D objects and assess the distance between you and an object.
The ability to move oneself right and left, forward and back, and up and down.
A part of a sensory system that evolves and allows one to distinguish differences among stimuli.
Difficulty performing coordinated movements.
A state of balance.
To enlarge/prolong/straighten something (e.g., neck, back, arms, legs.)
The synchronous abilities of the eyes and hands necessary for performing activities such as hitting a ball, writing, and playing with toys.
An acute stress response/reaction to defend oneself from a potential threat.
Differentiating objects from their backgrounds to simplify a scene.
Movement of the fingers, toes, eyes, and tongue muscles.
Using hands and fingers in a controlled manner that is essential for handling tools and materials. Also referred to as dexterity.
Directing eyes at an object and switching one's gaze between objects.
Bending/shortening of a body part.
Shifting one's gaze seamlessly between objects.
identifying a shape's size, position, or texture.
the feeling of intense fear or anxiety to a non-threatening movement when head position shifts (e.g. tilting a chair backward unexpectedly).
Motion involving large muscle groups.
body movements made with large muscle groups to perform activities such as jumping and running
the neurological ability to diminish responses to continuous stimuli.
favoring one hand over another to perform a movement or skill.
an amplified immune response to sensory overload; can result in being fearful and overcautious (also referenced as hyper-reactivity or hyper-responsiveness).
a feeling of being disoriented and unwilling to move in any direction.
lack of receptiveness to sensory input, usually seen as desiring intense sensations or struggling to engage (hyporeactivity or hyporesponsiveness).
self-motivation to engage in activities that support sensory integration.
to incorporate different elements as a part of a whole.
conscious perception of the position, movement, and orientation of body parts in a space.
development of the dominant hemisphere in the brain, which controls skilled motor functions on the opposite side of the body, while the other hemisphere is primarily responsible for stabilization.
front to back, side to side, or up and down movements.
decreased muscle tone, usually resulting in increased mobility of joints
the central dividing line of the two halves of the body.
the brain's capacity to regulate activity.
the capacity to regulate and perform coordinated actions.
proficiency of multiple muscle groups to collaborate and perform movements effectively.
the capacity to conceptualize, arrange, and execute coordinated body movements.
the natural tension when muscles are relaxed or resting.
the back and forth or up and down linear motion such as swinging or bouncing.
neural interpretation of sensory stimuli.
the brain’s capacity to adapt to sensory input/activity.
recognizing the orientation of letters, words, numbers, or objects.
the capacity to reposition the body depending on the task performed.
fear of body movement stemming from issues with balance or body image.
the ability to sustain body position effectively, using major muscle groups, to complete an action.
engage with physical surroundings, such as organizing and executing unfamiliar actions or behaviors to achieve a goal. Synonymous with motor planning.
the body is positioned horizontally with the face downward.
the subconscious sensation awareness of ligaments, joints, and muscles.
comprehension of how words convey thoughts and emotions.
rotating in a circular movement.
the ability to independently address personal necessities, like eating, bathing, and dressing.
the capacity to manage one’s level of awareness and emotional and physical reactions.
sensory information that is processed and results in a physical action.
a child’s response characterized by pronounced overreaction or hypersensitivity to input.
the numerous multisensory daily experiences to fulfill needs. An occupational therapist can develop a program to help a person self-regulate better.
a diminished response or an increased threshold to sensory input.
the continuous reception of information from outside stimuli in the brain and spinal cord.
the neurological process of receiving information from all senses and then arranging the information to perform a suitable response.
a conceptual framework that connects brain function and behavior.
an approach in occupational therapy for a child to engage in fun and purposeful activities to enhance their sensory processing that helps with adaptability in daily life.
the ineffective neurological information processing that can lead to learning difficulties.
adjusting neural activity levels to maintain an overall balance within the nervous system.
supporting internal motivation to selectively interact with stimuli and respond.
the capacity to receive and interpret information from multiple systems (touch, smell, taste, hearing).
initial recognition of one sensory input that assigns emotional value.
the unique response to sensory input within each system.
the perception of sensations, including touch and body position awareness. Often called body sensing.
perceiving the proximity of one’s body to an object; also understanding the connection of body parts.
the face is directed upward while lying in a horizontal position.
qualities of the sense of touch, including pressure detection, temperature, and texture.
the inclination to respond negatively to a light touch.
receiving physical sensations such as temperature, pain, and vibration via skin receptors
following an object or a line of words with the eyes.
the sense of movement and perception of gravitational pull on the body.
the system responsible for noticing changes in head position and other body movements coordinated by receptors in the inner ear.
distinguishing between forms and symbols (colors, shapes, numbers, etc.).
the ability to differentiate between foreground and background objects.
the capability to perceive and process information to coordinate physical movements (e.g., grasping, tracing, cutting).
the capacity to interpret and utilize visual information from the environment; lack of these skills can result in challenges like copying writing from a board or tying shoes.
capture information by the eyes.
perceiving and interpreting sensory information from the eyes and body while navigating an environment (e.g., depth perception and spatial awareness).
Physical therapy, also known as physiotherapy, is a form of therapy or treatment that can enhance or restore physical movement that was caused by an injury.
The area of the body in contact with the supporting surface (e.g., the feet when standing.)
Referencing both sides of the body.
Involving the neck.
The middle/trunk of the body (usually refers to the abdominals and back.)
Separation; when one limb performs a movement without the other limb doing so.
To enlarge/prolong/straighten something (e.g., neck, back, arms, legs.)
Limb movement turning outward from the body.
Bending/shortening of a body part.
Motion involving large muscle groups.
The group of muscles at the back of the thigh that helps bend/flex and straighten/extend.
excessive movement when straightening.
lack of tension or stability when bearing weight.
the inward movement of a limb turning toward the body.
the area of the lower back.
the central dividing line of the two halves of the body.
the capacity to regulate and perform coordinated actions.
the capacity to conceptualize, arrange, and execute coordinated body movements.
the subconscious sensation awareness of ligaments, joints, and muscles.
a gauge of the extension of a particular joint.
an automatic and involuntary response triggered by a stimulus.
the left and right vertical halves of the body’s symmetry.
the inclination to respond negatively to a light touch.
the chest or upper back region.
level of tension of a muscle at rest.
affecting only one side of the body.
activating the bones of the inner ear and ear canals to provide information about the body’s position.
shifting of body weight from one side to the other.
Speech language therapy is a treatment that supports people with communication difficulties, which improves their ability to communicate efficiently.
Restricted tongue movement due to a short lingual frenulum, commonly called “tongue-tied."
A speech disorder marked by difficulties in positioning speech musculature to perform speech, also called dyspraxia.
Grammatical term to specify nouns like a, an, and the.
How phonemes are produced when speaking.
Inaccurate speech is produced caused by errors in placement, speed, or coordination of the tongue and lips.
The speech mechanism organs responsible for generating sound (lips, jaw, tongue, pharynx.)
Hearing.
The capacity to utilize what one hears.
(APD) A reduced ability to focus on or differentiate auditory information despite having a normal level of hearing.
(AAC) Various methods to use or substitute communication of individuals who cannot communicate independently.
Verbalizations of infants, usually in the first year of life.
Utilizing videofluoroscopy to assess the pharyngeal swallow.
Referring to both lips.
Using two languages with equal efficiency.
Forcefully closing the bottom teeth against the upper teeth.
In stuttering, the temporary halt at the larynx, tongue, or lips when attempting to speak.
The food that rounds after chewing.
Consistent application of newly acquired speech or language techniques.
performing a behavior to achieve a specific outcome.
to aid or prompt a desired response.
swallowing.
repetition of original speech at a later time or lack of comprehension or production of a language by an expected age.
the natural curved structure of teeth in their normal position.
collectively referring to natural teeth
frequently produced processes that are characteristic of normal speech development.
the extent a measurement varies from a reference point.
the capacity to perform rapid repetitive movements of the articulators.
the pace at which someone can perform repetitive movements.
the collection of impaired motor speech disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system. Bodily functions such as breathing and articulation may be affected.
any form of speech marked with repetitions and hesitations; known as stuttering.
the tendency to repeat what is spoken normally occurs between 18 and 24 months and is unmodified.
to evoke a response or draw out information.
inserted an extreme phoneme into a word or words.
ability to communicate aloud.
looking someone in the eyes while talking.
the smoothness of phrases joined together during oral language with no or minimal hesitations or repetitions.
a small band of tissue that connects two body parts together.
the small band of tissue from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the inferior surface of the tongue blade that plays an important part in speech.
excessive tension of a muscle.
decrease or absence of tension in a muscle.
a behavior distinct to an individual.
instant repetition.
the extent to which speech can be understood with clarity by the average listener.
the stress applied to normal speech to emphasize something.
verbal communication that mimics the intonation patterns or speech.
adjusting the degree of the jaw opening.
actively controlling jaw movements, initially seen around 13 to 15 months when biting and holding a cup.
naming or identifying.
referencing the lips.
lip rounding; pursing or protrusion of the lips.
referencing lips and teeth.
a structured system of communication composed of sounds.
any challenge with producing or receiving linguistic cues.
systematic organization of spoken expressions.
referencing the tongue and teeth.
involving the tongue.
defective usage of sibilant consonants (e.g., /s/, /z/, /d /), usually from improper tongue placement.
to identify the location of a sound source solely by listening.
the average length of verbal expressions determined by a sample, usually by counting morphemes per utterance and dividing.
repetition of the initial statement with slight alterations.
the smallest significant portion of language.
the study of how morphemes form words.
the earliest form of chewing.
a surgical incision of the tympanic membrane to drain excess fluid from the middle ear.
airflow through the nose, usually noticeable and could indicate an incomplete seal between the nasal and oral cavities.
a classification including voices that have an excessive nasality component.
denial noted in syntax or semantics, e.g., no, not.
awareness of an object’s permanency.
the connection of the surfaces of the upper and lower teeth.
the mouth.
inspection of the mouth to identify its efficiency with speech and chewing.
the roof of the mouth, including the hard palate and the velum.
the tendency to continue an activity once it has begun and unable to change or stop even when it may be inappropriate.
smallest sound unit in a given language that is distinct from other sounds.
techniques to simplify speech when trying to produce mature words.
the study of the sounds of a language (e.g. pauses and stress).
frequency of a voice (e.g., high or low).
a set governing language rules used in specific contexts such as to comment, request (objects, actions, attention), inform, etc.
behaviors believed to occur before developing conventional language.
the rhythm of speech by modifying pitch, quality, strength, or duration.
the pace at which syllables and words are uttered.
one who understands verbal cues.
breathing.
the study of meaning in language and relationships between languages.
any deviation of speech outside the acceptable range.
body parts that contribute to speech production including articulators (lips, tongue, velum, pharynx, and lower jaw), the larynx, resonators (pharyngeal, laryngeal, oral and nasal cavities), and the respiratory system (lungs and airways.
a routine disruption in the regular fluidity of a speech pattern.
how words are arranged in a sentence to convey meaning.
When anterior or lateral portions of the tongue connect with more than half of the upper or lower incisors, cuspids, or bicuspids or protrude between them.
unmodified repetition with exact duplication
A form of vocal expression at any pitch.
The soft palate that includes the uvula, palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.
