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What Is Sensory Processing Disorder?
If your child melts down at the sound of a hand dryer, refuses to wear certain clothing, craves constant movement and crashing, or seems unaware of pain — sensory processing is probably part of the picture.
Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is one of the most misunderstood conditions affecting children. It's frequently mistaken for behavior problems or just "being difficult."
Types of Sensory Processing Differences
Sensory over-responsivity (hypersensitivity) — The child registers sensory input more intensely than typical: extreme distress about clothing textures, covering ears at ordinary sounds, gagging on textures, avoiding messy play.
Sensory under-responsivity (hyposensitivity) — The child registers sensory input less than typical: not noticing pain, seeming unaware their face is dirty, needing things to be very loud to pay attention.
Sensory seeking — The child craves intense sensory input: constant spinning, jumping, crashing into things, chewing on non-food items, needing very tight hugs.
How SPD Affects Daily Life
SPD affects getting dressed, eating, school participation, and emotional regulation. When the nervous system is already stressed by sensory input, a child has less capacity for emotional regulation — meltdowns that seem out of proportion often reflect a nervous system that was already overwhelmed.
How Occupational Therapy Treats SPD
Occupational therapy is the primary evidence-based treatment for sensory processing differences. A pediatric OT addresses SPD through sensory integration therapy, a personalized sensory diet, environmental modifications, and parent coaching.
In-home therapy has a particular advantage for SPD — the OT can assess your child's actual environment and develop strategies grounded in what genuinely happens in your home.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is sensory processing disorder the same as autism?
No, though they frequently co-occur. SPD can exist independently of autism.
Will my child grow out of SPD?
Some children develop greater sensory tolerance with therapeutic support. The goal of therapy is building tools to function well despite sensory sensitivities.
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